Information Systems, Not Computer Science

nurture Systems, Not Computer ScienceThe largest growth in most economies is coming from information industries. The success of much(prenominal) cognition-based judicatures lies in their information clays. Also, forced by technological careen and globalisation of markets, many manufacturing industries be also placing increasing emphasis upon information systems. culture systems are more than just computer programs. Though information and communications technologies are playing an increasing role in meeting organisations information needs, an information system is a much more general concept. It refers to the wider systems of people, data and activities, some(prenominal) computer-based and manual, that effectively gather, process, store and disseminate organisations information2.0 tuition Systems not Computer Science learning systems, as a discipline, focuses on exploring the interface among management, information science and computer science. Computer Science focuses on in formation technology software. learning Systems mediates the cardinal opposing worlds of human activity systems and information technology3.0 Information Systems and the Modern Organization3.1 Outline rivalrous Advantage and Strategic Information SystemsEvolution of Information SystemsClassification of Information SystemsThe Modern Computing EnvironmentManaging Information mental imagerys3.2 Learning ObjectivesDescribe Porters competitive forces model.Discuss strategies that companies throw out use to achieve competitive good in their industries.Describe strategic information system (SISs) and how information technology helps companies improve their competitive positions.Describe various information systems and their evolution.Learn major Information System classification schemes.Describe the emerging computing environments.Describe how information resources are managed and the roles of the information systems department and the end users4.0 warring advantage and SISCompetitiv e Advantage An advantage over competitors in some measure such as cost, quality, or speed, which dealers to control of a market and to larger than average profits.4.1 Competitive forces modelA task frame act as, devised by Michael Porter, for analyzing competitiveness by looking at fivesome major forces that might alter a firms competitive standing.4.2 Porters five forces Model4.3 Strategies for Competitive AdvantageCost Leadership. Produce products and/or services at the lowest cost in the industry.Differentiation. Offer different products, services or product features.Customer orientation. Concentrate on making customers happy so that they remain loyal.New markets. Discover new markets either as a doer of expansion and growth, or with the goal of capturing market niches.Innovation. Introduce new products and services, add new features to existing products and services or develop new ways to suffer them.Operational Effectiveness. Improve the manner in which internal stemma pr ocesses are executed so that a firm performs similar activities better than its rivals.Discussion Which of these strategies can be enhanced by the use of IS/IT, and how?4.4 Strategic Information Systems (SISs)Systems that help an organization gain a competitive advantage through their contribution to the strategic goals of an organization and / or their ability to significantly increase performance and productivity.4.5 IS Related Organizational ResponsesStrategic Systems may provide advantages that enable organizations to increase market appoint and/or profits, to better negotiate with suppliers, or prevent competitors from entering their markets.Customer Focus is the idea of attracting and keeping customers by providing superb customer service.Can be enhanced by use of IS/IT.Made-to-Order. is a strategy of producing customized products and services.Mass Customization is producing a large quantity of items, but customizing them to fit the desire of each customer.E melodic line and Ecommerce. Is the strategy of doing business electronically.Discussion Which Information Systems would be strategic forAn universityAn online book storeA car manufacturer?5.0 Evolution of Information SystemsThe first business application of computers (in the mid1950s) performed repetitive, high volume, transaction computing tasks.The computers crunched numbers summarizing and organizing transactions and data in the accounting, finance, and human resources areas. Such systems are generally called transaction processing systems (TPSs). heed Information Systems (MISs) these systems access, organize, summarize and display information for supporting custom decision making in the functional areas.Office Automation Systems (OASs) such as intelligence information processing systems were developed to support office and clerical workers.Decision Support Systems were developed to provide computer based support for complex, or no routine decision making.End-user computing The use or developm ent of information systems by the principal users of the systems outputs, such as analysts, managers, and other professionals.Knowledge Management Systems support creating, gathering, organizing, combine and disseminating of an organization knowledge.Data Warehousing A data warehouse is a database designed to support DSS, ESS and other analytical and end-user activities.Intelligent Support System (ISSs) complicate expert systems which provide the stored knowledge of experts to non experts, and a new type of intelligent systems with machine learning capabilities that can learn from historical cases.Mobile Computing Information systems that support employees who are working with customers or business partners outside the physical boundaries of their companies can be done over wire line or radio networks.6.0 Classification of Information SystemsThe two most common classifications areClassification by breath of supportClassification by organizational level.6.1 Classification by Breat h of SupportTypical information systems that follow the hierarchical organization structure are functional (departmental), enterprisewide and interorganizationalFunctional information systems are organized near the traditional departments.Enterprise information systems serve several departments or the entire enterprise.Inter organizational systems connect two or more organizations.An organizations supply image describe the flow of materials, information, money, and service from raw material suppliers through factories and warehouses to the end customers.IT provides two major types of software solution for managing supply chain activities Enterprise Resource Planning ( ERP),Supply Chain Management (SCM)6.2 Departmental, corporate, and inter organizational IS6.3 IT outside your organization6.3 Classification by Organization LevelsThe typical enterprise is organized hierarchically, from the clerical and office worker layer, to the operational layer, the managerial layer, the knowledg e worker layer and finally the strategic layer.6.4 Levels in an Organization6.5 The Clerical LevelClerical workers pull in a large class of employees who support managers at all levels of the company. Among clerical workers, those who use, manipulate, or disseminate information are referred to as data workers. These employees include bookkeepers, secretaries who work with word processors, electronic file clerks, and insurance claim processors.6.6 The Operational LevelOperational or first line managers deal with the day to day trading operations of the organization, making routine decisions, which deal in general with activities such as short-term planning, organizing, and control6.7 The Knowledge Work LevelThey act as advisors and assistants to both top and middle management and are often subject area experts. Many of these professional workers are classified as knowledge workers, people who take a leak information and knowledge as part of their work and integrate it into the bus iness.6.8 The Strategic LevelTop-level or strategic managers (the executives) make decisions that deal with situations that may significantly change the manner in which business is done.7.0 The Modern Computing EnvironmentComputing Environment The way in which an organizations information technologies (hardware, software, and communications technology) are organized and unified for optimal efficiency and effectiveness.Legacy system Older systems, typically those that process an organizations high volume transactions that are central to the operations of a business.8.0 Managing Information ResourcesInformation resources includes hardware, software, data, networks, applications etc.Management includes acquisition, introduction, support.Traditionally, department (ISD IS department) owns, manages and controls all resourcesEnd-user computing employees use computers, write applications, manage data etc.Leads to fragmented management and need for cooperation between ISD and usersWho is r esponsible for which resources?Includes financial responsibilities (contracts between users and ISD IT controlling)Discussion What are the possible problems associated withComplete control at ISD, andComplete control for end-users?Which factors in a company would lead to which outcomeChief Information Officer (CIO) sometimes member of top management, nowadays no longer technical, but strategic functionIT Governance the leaders and organisational structures and processes that ensure that the organisations IT sustains and extends the organisations strategies and objectives. Framework for IT Governance COBITControl Objectives for IT and related TechnologiesMandated for Turkish banks in 2006Domains Plan and Organize, Acquire and Implement, Deliver and Support, Monitor and EvaluateCOBIT9.0 The information system strategies writ of execution in UK companies9.1 Strategic process formalityBusiness strategy relationship% companiesThe ISS is a formal documented part of the business strateg y47.5There is no formal documentation, but the ISS is related to specific strategic aims41.8The ISS is a departmental function, rather than a corporate function6.4The ISS is not seen as related to the business strategy0.09.2 Success of strategies9.4 ConclusionCollective intelligence and knowledge management can become effective mechanisms to help avoid the disturbances leading to internal disequilibrium within the organisation. Collective intelligence and knowledge management can remediate the negative effects of the instability of environment. The information and knowledge become raw materials for the intelligent organisation their management requires simple solutions. Life cycle for products and services is getting shorter the markets are global, fragmented by the needs and exigencies of the clients. The organisational culture evolves according to the aggregate strategy. The role of knowledge manager is to invest in the acquisition and dissemination of knowledge, leaving the empl oyees to capitalise their personal competence

Their Eyes Were Watching God Joe Starks Analysis

Their eyeb only Were Watching God Joe Starks AnalysisThe character of Joe Starks in the novel Their Eyes Were Watching God written by Zora Neil Hurston is Janies second maintain and an entrepreneur who is very charismatic and well off financially. However, Starks is a bit overzealous in his ambition. There isnt a lot of communication between him and Janie, or any wizard else for that matter, and he has a huge a superiority complex, which leads to an uncontrollable jealousy over his most prize possession, Janie. Starks has envisioned himself as a big humilitary personnel race in the novel. During the course of the story, Starks, in the beginning, is seen as a charming man, with a big dream and good intentions, ends up becoming the most powerful man in t inducesfolks muckle, who is somewhat disliked because of spending practices and actions. Starks is somewhat seen as an imitator of the white man on top and the people of Eatonville resent him for it.When Starks is first mentioned in the novel, Starks a well dressed man, not usually seen in the parts Janie was from, he was dressed nice and looking good for the world to see, Janie sees Starks coming trim the road. He wasnt just another passerby, he sees Janie, this glorious girl on the road and he heads right for her, shes the one thats what he wants (Hurston 27). The character Joe Starks is an example of a man who knows what he wants in life, though he seems kind, and generous in nature, it is all a faade. Starks is a selfish person, playing a role of a big man who sees himself above others. Through his strong sense of confidence, charismatic personality, and his financial background, Starks is able to gain the power and influence that he seeks within the town of Eatonville. He uses Janie his wife, as a symbol of personal success. She in his eyes is much of a trophy than someone he loves. Mr. Starks shallowly believes that with all his funds and power should he be entitled to a beautiful wife.From the mom ent that Starks meets Janie, he promises her the world. He guarantees all kinds of nice and exotic of things to her, not because he actually likes the girl, but because Starks sees something that he would like to have, and in order for him to get it, he has to promise the world to take Janie a delegacy from Logan Killicks, to whom she was currently married. There wasnt really a distinction between the two men, well besides physical appearance and age. They were two men wanting the same thing. The use of Janie as a way to progress in life, for Killicks, it was to extend the land, to contact it more valuable in the promise to turn it over to Janie. To Starks she would be a symbol of his power and success. Their Eyes is a lyrical novel that correlates the need of her first two husbands for ownership of progressively larger physical space (and the gaudy accoutrements of upward mobility) (Gates 197).Starks eventually succeeds in taking Janie away from Logan. After that she came to whe re Joe Starks was waiting for her with a hired rig. He was very solemn and helped her to the seat beside him. With him on it, it sat like some exalted, vox populi chair (Hurston 32). In leaving with Mr. Starks, Janie assumes a role in a higher class, among the people who sit in a high, ruling chair. The same people whom Starks wishes or believes himself to be in. With running off and unifying Starks, Janie has moved up a notch in social standing. It was not because of her education or talents, but because shes beautiful and thats exactly what Starks wanted, a trophy.Starks does what he promised to do with Janie, which is buy her all these nice things and introduce her to a life of riches and luxury. On the train the next day, Joe didnt make manyspeeches with rhymes to her, but he bought her the best things the butcher had, like apples and a glass lantern integral of candies. Mostly he talked closely plans for the town when he got in that locationJanie took a lot of looks at hi m and she was proud of what she saw. Kind of portly like rich white folks. Strange trains, and people and step ups didnt scare him neither (Hurston 34). Mr. Starks reveals his intentions or feelings that he already is in a higher class by flaunting his wealth. He buys Janie distinct kinds of things like fancy clothes and treats like apples and a glass lantern full of candies. Buying Janie all these fancy things is his way of trying to endear himself to her, as well as showing off the type of social class that he comes from. By buying his way into Janies life, Starks sees to believe that rhymes and speeches are a poor mans way of romancing the woman. But through money and gifts as a form of romance, would be more of a higher class thing to do.Starks comes to Eatonville as a type of vivid dreamer, he has big plans for this little town of shacks and dirt. He brings his money, charisma, and a beautiful young bride to a developing town. The town starts off really small, too small for t he town Starks had envisioned. No one really has thought about adding acreage to the town, or let alone about expanding. So here goes Mr. Joe Starks, the self-believed savior of this fledgling little burg. He guarantees the towns people a better place to live. So Starks, being the big man he envisions himself to be, goes right up to the white landowner and comes back with a deed to for the 200 acres the town needed. With the first task of Starks agenda finished, he gets everyone to go to work. So thats where the meeting was held with Tony Tayloracting as chairman and Jody doing all the talking. A day was named for roads and they all agreed to bring axes and things like that and chop out two roads running each way. That applied to everybody except Tony and Coker. They could carpenter, so Jody hired them to go to work on his store bright and soon the next morning. Jody himself would be busy driving round from town to town telling people about Eatonville and go up citizens to move th ere (Hurston 40-1). Mr. Starks is the one who initiates the new building projects and construction of roads, hiring people to work for him, and giving himself the position of a spokesperson. After all, he was the one who bought all the land and the one with the plan itself. Who would argue with the man who come to Eatonville and change it for the better? Having attracted all the attention of the towns people, Joe calls a town meeting and gets himself elect as the mayor of Eatonville. Starks strong sense of self-confidence, execution of his plan for the town, and money, lead to control, and a sense dominance and power over the town.Starks shows off his new wealth and power in a strong resemblance of wealthy southern white man. Use the layout of the town for example. Starkss house sits almost in the middle of town, around his house sit in the rest of the people of the towns homes, but is far less as nice. Take for instance that new house of his. It hadtwo stories with porches, with b anisters and such things. The rest of the town looked like servants quarters surrounding the big house. (Hurston 47). Starks spends his money on extravagant items like fancy spittoons for himself and even his wife. This type of free spending makes the citizens of Eatonville jealous and resent him for it. Before Starks moved into Eatonville, the people had never even thought of or had a reason to think of themselves in a different way, or even as low class, because they were all the same. The people of Eatonville before Starks came were all the same race and poor. Starks brought social differences and a type of class state of war to town, and now everyone else can see what theyre missing out on. It sort of made the rest of them feel that they had been taken advantage of. Like things had been kept from them. Maybe more things in the world besides spitting pots had been hid from them, when they wasnt t old(a) no better than to spit in tomato cans It was bad enough for white people, b ut when one of your own color could be so different it put you on a wonder. It was like seeing your sister turn into a gator. A familiar strangeness. You asseverate seeing your sister in the gator and the gator in your sister and youd rather not. There was no doubt that the town respected him and even respect him in a way. But any man who walks in the way of power and property is bound to meet hate (Hurston 47).Starks whole life entails this high sense of esteem that his manhood brings. He has formed this feeling of entitlement because of what he brings to the table. He feels that with what he has done to the town he has a right to power, wealth, and authority. Starks considers himself justify because he was the one basically in charge of building up the town that only he should be the one to run it. He gets to learn what goes on there and whose opinion counts. He runs the town with somewhat of a first of tyranny and the people of Eatonville are often grumbling and comparing him to memories of the old white slave owners and rightfully so. Starks resembles the white man on top in many ways. He is well-fed appearance, dressed in the finest clothes, like the well-off white people at the time. He believes himself to be above the townspeople, they are lower than him. Even in the case of his wife Janie. He did not marry her for love. It was all for show. In his marriage to Janie represented his control of the people, the town, as the mayor, and the most of the money in town. The only love expressed by Starks, was the love for Joe Starks. He was the big man around town, everything else in his mind, was just symbol in the testament of greatness that is Joe Starks.

Lord of the Flies :: Free Essay Writer

Lord of the FliesLiterature versus Hollywood Many impudents are such happy sellers that producers cant wait to put the story onto the big screen. Most of the time the original unfermented is much better than the scene because it is able to go the characters true emotions. In the novel The Lord of the Flies William Golding was trying to capture the readers imagination. Overall the novel is better then the movie because it has a better description of the characters thoughts and feelings. Symbolically it allows the reader to grasp the concepts that are not relevant throughout the movie. Unlike the novel, the movie is unable to capture the true affection of each character. This occurs because when something is transferred from writing into a production there is not enough time to portray each character in exact detail. In the novel Piggy is treated as the Outsider, but in the film the audience doesnt clearly see his true emotions. Other characters such as Simon and Roger are portray ed in full detail in the novel, but in the movie they hardly appear at all. The movie failed to show Simon as a Christ figure, and Rogers evil nature. Since the movie was not able to give the audience more information about the characters, their roles and emotions, it is not effective in giving a clear picture. The authors use of symbols in the novel gives the reader more insight into the story. The novel depicts the most central messages. For example, Piggys glasses represent civilization, but once they are destroyed it shows how the boys no longer find anything wrong with their actions. Civilization begins to fade, and eventually it becomes a memory. Another symbol is the dead parachutist, the boys are letting their inner Beast slowly prevail, and you begin to see how real their evil spirits are coming. Little, by little the boys are turning devilish, but they dont seem to realize the consequences of their action. One event which plays a significant role in the novel is Simons de ath. The boys have crossed the border of civilization to such a level, that they no longer recognize one another, and are killing ferociously, like savages. In the novel all of these symbols and events develop the plot, but in the film version the thoughts are very unclear, and most are left out. Some similarities between the movie and the novel are that the characters are all involved.

Middle East Paper -- essays research papers

The conflict between the Palestinians and the Israelis erupted afterthe partition made by Great Britain on November 29, 1947. Immediatelyafter the decision to make Israel a separate, independent state, therewere massive attacks on both sides. Upon reading the offset serve ofarticles, I felt that the Palestines unnecessarily attacked the Jewsand that they deserved the land being given to them. But the first setof articles I read were incredibly biased toward the Jewish perspectiveand, I think that because of this, I presented a distorted view of thesituation. Now that I have read the second packet, I understand that many an(prenominal) of the Arabs must have felt helpless about the situation, and evenstartled by the numerous attacks and massacres by the Israelis.I now believe that the reason that the scrap started was becauseboth sides felt that they had an obligation to uphold their religiousbeliefs and, also, justification to do what they did. Both the Arabsand the Jews felt tha t it was their sacred duty to keep or regain theirland. The Arabs mentation of the partition as an automatic declaration ofwar against them. Therefore, they thought that they had tocounter-attack the Jews in order to keep their land.One of the biggest massacres that the Jews waged on the Arabs wasthe attack on Deir Yassin on April 9, 1948, when 250 men, women, andchildren where killed. The first set of articles that we read did notmention anything about the ruthlessness of t...

Essay --

There is evidence that people from Asian were the first to cross over to sum America via the land bridge.This hypothesis can be looked at in many different slipway. Since the technology would score not been advanced, Asians would not have been able to easily navigate the vast ocean. This would force most of the population to travel by foot. These people would have left geological markers wherever they went. pottery would be an important clue to what type of people discovered North America. Looking at how advanced the pottery is by looking at shape, texture, and effectiveness would determine how advanced a civilization was. Comparing pottery from around the same time the land bridge occurred to pottery found in North America could determine if they had come from the same place. The technique and the style of the pottery would be a close resemblance of the pottery in Asia. Finding biological evidence would be more difficult since lineage cannot be traced that far back. Looking at similarities in the Native American tribes and the people in past Asian might provide some, but not fully viable information on biological evidence.The first Americans possibly being big bet on hunters who migrated according to herds of animals could be answered with the concept of seasonal collapse. One would have to search for factors that affected those first Americans positively, and then examine the possibility of eliminating one of those factors, impairing these first Americans, cause them to pursue migrating herds in hope of finding another stable living environment. An additional interpretation regarding the migration of the first Americans was that they may have benefited in unexpected ways from this migration. The migration of animal herds took the... ... conclude that the shroud is not actually a biblical relic. Another way to verify the shroud would be to look at the cultivation of the people and their records. If the shroud has nothing to do with the burial ritual there is no way it could be connected to the crucifixion of Christ. Carbon dating would in any case be helpful in this situation. If the shroud dated back to biblical times, then there would be no way that it could be a fake. It would no doubt be a shroud that covered a crucified body although it would be harder to conclude that the body was actually the one of Jesus. Looking at records would be the next step. It would have to be concluded that the crucifixion of Jesus was the only Roman crucifixion that shoved a crown of thorns onto a mans head. If this were true, the evidence would be abounding. There would be very little evidence to disclaim this as truth.

The Role of Trees in Hurston’s Seraph on the Suwanee and Their Eyes Wer

The Role of Trees in Hurstons Seraph on the Suwanee and Their Eyes Were Watching matinee idolTrees play integral roles in Seraph on the Suwanee and Their Eyes Were Watching God as sites of sexual awakening for Hurstons heroines, providing a space under which dreams boot into glistening leaf-buds or over-ripen and die like spoiled fruit. Close readings of Janies pear tree and Arvays mulberry evoke strikingly disparate images of egg-producing(prenominal) sexuality despite Hurstons articulation of both experiences as the realization of a pain remorseless sweet. Depicted within the first quarter of separately narrative, Hurston places great emphasis on her charactersinitial sexual experiences as shaping the development of Janie and Arvays identities. As suggested by her pensive pose beneath the pear tree (stretched on her back), Janie possesses agency, navigating the course of her own sexual maturation by searching, inviting, and questioning the tree and herself for voice and vision . Hurstons diction constructs a stringently sensual scene, for like the flower opening up and summoning the dust-beari...

Analyzing Psychological Disorders Essay -- Schizophrenia Interview

IntroductionIn this paper, I result be interviewing for a psychologist position with a top comp either. I depart be asked about my understanding of the causes and treatment(s) of schizophrenia and I will discuss the following areas of the brain affected, causal factors, associated symptoms, the neural basis, appropriate drug therapies. I harbor been given four different case studies of disorders in which I will choose two of them to analyze. I will be discussing my understanding of the problem presented in each of the two case studies from the perspective of a biopsychologist. I will also be including each problems relation to the nature-nurture issue and every relevant portions of the Basics to Biopsychology text. I will be applying any helpful drug interventions or solutions and discussing the positive or negative aspects of these drug interventions or solutions. schizophreniaOut of all of the psychological disorders, schizophrenia is the most modify and affects nearly three mi llion Americans today. This disorder causes a person to move back all sense of reality, which causes one to have delusions, hallucinations, extreme suspicion, and symptoms shift between men and women. The ages of which symptoms are experienced are late teens to early twenties in men and late twenties to early thirties for women. fleck those who suffer from schizophrenia may seem to make some progress in recovery, unremarkably all will exhibit marked symptoms throughout the race of their life.Causes and TriggersWhile schizophrenia is considered to be a complex brain disorder, many different things chair to the causes of this disorder. Genetics, behavioral, and developmental reasons are some of the likely causes while stress, trauma, and viral inf... ...depression/medication.htmHelpGuide.org. (2001-2010). Anorexia Nervosa - Understanding the Signs, Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment. Retrieved December 12, 2010, from http//www.helpguide.org/mental/anorexia_signs_symptoms_causes_tr eatment.htmThe Lundbeck Institute. (2002-2005). Schizophrenia - Aetiology. Retrieved December 11, 2010, from http//www.brainexplorer.org/schizophrenia/Schizophrenia_aetiology.shtmlThe National Institute of moral Health (NIMH). (2010). Anxiety Disorders. Retrieved December 12, 2010, from http//www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders/index.shtmlAll Psych and Heffner Media Group, Inc. (1999-2003). psychiatric Disorders. Retrieved December 12, 2010, from http//allpsych.com/disorders/mood/majordepression.htmlGeitner, C. (n.d.). Dysthymic Disorder. Retrieved December 11, 2010, from http//www.bipolarhome.org/understanding.html Analyzing Psychological Disorders Essay -- Schizophrenia InterviewIntroductionIn this paper, I will be interviewing for a psychologist position with a top company. I will be asked about my understanding of the causes and treatment(s) of schizophrenia and I will discuss the following areas of the brain affected, causal factors, associated sym ptoms, the neural basis, appropriate drug therapies. I have been given four different case studies of disorders in which I will choose two of them to analyze. I will be discussing my understanding of the problem presented in each of the two case studies from the perspective of a biopsychologist. I will also be including each problems relation to the nature-nurture issue and any relevant portions of the Basics to Biopsychology text. I will be applying any helpful drug interventions or solutions and discussing the positive or negative aspects of these drug interventions or solutions.SchizophreniaOut of all of the psychological disorders, schizophrenia is the most damaging and affects nearly three million Americans today. This disorder causes a person to lose all sense of reality, which causes one to have delusions, hallucinations, extreme suspicion, and symptoms vary between men and women. The ages of which symptoms are experienced are late teens to early twenties in men and late twen ties to early thirties for women. While those who suffer from schizophrenia may seem to make some progress in recovery, usually all will exhibit marked symptoms throughout the course of their life.Causes and TriggersWhile schizophrenia is considered to be a complex brain disorder, many different things contribute to the causes of this disorder. Genetics, behavioral, and developmental reasons are some of the likely causes while stress, trauma, and viral inf... ...depression/medication.htmHelpGuide.org. (2001-2010). Anorexia Nervosa - Understanding the Signs, Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment. Retrieved December 12, 2010, from http//www.helpguide.org/mental/anorexia_signs_symptoms_causes_treatment.htmThe Lundbeck Institute. (2002-2005). Schizophrenia - Aetiology. Retrieved December 11, 2010, from http//www.brainexplorer.org/schizophrenia/Schizophrenia_aetiology.shtmlThe National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). (2010). Anxiety Disorders. Retrieved December 12, 2010, from http//www.ni mh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders/index.shtmlAll Psych and Heffner Media Group, Inc. (1999-2003). Psychiatric Disorders. Retrieved December 12, 2010, from http//allpsych.com/disorders/mood/majordepression.htmlGeitner, C. (n.d.). Dysthymic Disorder. Retrieved December 11, 2010, from http//www.bipolarhome.org/understanding.html