Reasons for Ethical Standards in the workplace Essay

Ethical standards guide individuals and the company to act in an honest and trustworthy manner in all interactions. These standards should encourage employees to make the right decisions for the company, not the individual, and give them the courage to come forward should they notice dishonest and unethical behavior. Company programs focused on ethics help lay out company standards and expected practices as they relate to ethical behavior and decisions. This can include providing clear guidance on common ethical dilemmas, such as using the phone at work for personal long-distance calls or using company software programs for personal projects. Management often sets the tone for expected ethical behavior and actions in the workplace. The actions and behaviors of management, and other senior staff, help steer departments and employees toward proper and accepted business practices. Part of this responsibility includes enforcing rules, guidelines and policies fairly and equally across all levels of the organization. Managers may also be tasked with helping employees navigate ethical dilemmas and solving difficult situations to keep the corporation on the right path. It’s very difficult to define ethics in the workplace. Generally,â€Å"being ethical† involves conducting yourself in accordance with accepted principles of right and wrong. Ethics is a matter of using integrity-based decision-making procedures to guide your decisions and actions. In the workplace, being ethical may involve acting morally right, being honest, not cheating your employer, co-workers, or customers, not stealing from from the supply closet, and generally treating your co-workers well Other ethical situations may involve harassment, inappropriate use of the Internet, outside-of-work activities, etc. If your workplace lacks ethical standards, your employer risks losing valuable employees and customers and possibly even more Federal laws impose heavier penalties on employers Some of the primary forms of employee misconduct or unethical behavior include the following: ââ€"† Misrepresenting time or hours worked; ââ€"† Lying to supervisors; ââ€"† Lying to co-workers, customers, vendors, or the public; ââ€"† Misuse of your employer’s assets; and ââ€"† Lying on reports or falsifying records. As you can see, there is a widespread need for ethics in your workplace. A code of ethics can provide guidelines for your

Dr. Condoleezza Rice

Dr. Condoleezza â€Å"Condi† Rice was born on November 14, 1954 in Birmingham, Alabama. She is the only child her parent’s name are Angelena and John Wesley Rice. Both parents are educated; her mother was a teacher while her father was a minister and a football coach. Dr. Rice learned to play the piano at an early age she also learned to speak French. The father moved the family up to Denver because of job placement. Condi graduated at the age of 15 from St. Mary Academy High School with a 4. 00 GPA.She started college at the University of Denver and graduated at the age of 19 with a Bachelor in Political Science. She attended the University of Notre Dame and received her master in 1975. Condi being an over-achiever went back to get her doctoral degree from the Graduate School of International Studies at the University of Denver. She accomplished all of this before the age of 27. Dr. Condoleezza Rice grew up in the turmoil of racism. During this time in the 1950’ s it was difficult for African Americans to be successful. Condi mother tired to shield her from the treatments of Blacks. Dr. Rice remembered when she went out shopping with her mother it was one incident where they were at the store and the cashier/owner saw Condi glancing up on some expensive hats and she yelled at her to get off. Her mother yelled at the white women by telling her not to talk to her daughter that way and the mother told Condi to touch every hat in the store. Condi parents taught her to not think of herself as less of a person than white. It’s not as shocking that Condoleezza Rice could stand the hardship of racism. She made something of herself such as becoming an extraordinary public figure.In a short time she gained a great deal of power and influence over people. She became a professor at Stanford and later went to serve as the Director of the Soviet and Eastern Europe Affairs for the National Security Council during Bush’s Presidency in 1989. I n 1993, Condi became the Provost of Stanford, where she balanced the $410 million dollar budget within her first year. In 1999, she resigned as the Provost and became Bush’s Foreign Policy Advisor for his campaign. She became the first female National Security Advisor. The NAACP saw Dr. Rice being an influential role model to the minorities and was awarded the President’s Award in 2002.She became the United States Secretary of State which she was appointed in 2005. Condoleezza Rice is a good leader because she has a combination of many things, especially being a proficient communicator. In addition to English she also speaks Russian, German, French, and Spanish. She carries great talent and breaks the language barriers when travelled to those speaking countries. Condi is an effective leader because she is self-assured, knowledgeable, and proficient in the environment that she takes part of. Her major experience in politics is in Russian foreign affairs so being able to speak Russian is a bonus.She carries herself at a position that people know that she is serious and committed at everything she strives to attain. Condoleezza Rice valued her faith which guides her through difficult times in her life. She feels that if you are praying and have faith then God will show you the way. I do believe that’s true prayer can get you through the toughest times in your life that you never thought would have happen to you. Her family is her support system. Unfortunately, she lost her mother from breast cancer that she battled with for 15 years. Her mother was not able to see her daughter accomplished many outstanding opportunities.Her father was blessed enough to see his daughter be the first National Security Advisor but shortly afterward he passed away. Her family was very influential while growing up which led to her going to college and opening bigger opportunities. She knew the importance of education by having her grandfather graduate from college and hears the struggles he went through, ever since than her family has been college-educated. Condoleezza Rice do not feel sorry for people, she feels that everybody can accomplish something and use that special ability that’s inside them to be productive in the society.When it comes to African Americans she seems to be stern on us. She feels that blacks should not be feeding off the benefits of what our people where force to do during slavery time. She really believes that everybody should be treated equal, so she is obviously against affirmative action. After reading this book, I was able to understand more of Condoleezza Rice, her actions and decisions. Some people may not like her and it could be the choices she made along the Bush administration. However, I understand that she is a strong woman who is not intimidated by anybody. She is very direct and stands strong on her decisions.She grew up during the segregating times but didn’t let that hold her back from a ccomplishing her goals. She ended up being a very powerful and influential public figure, for that I look up to her for that. I know people who would be faced with a difficult situation that would weighed them down. They will not achieve a goal that could have opened the doors of opportunities to better their future. I chose to investigate more of Condoleezza Rice because I didn’t know practically anything about her other than her being the first African American women to be the United States Secretary of State.After reading her biography I can now say how delighted I am to learned that a women that is African American achieving such an enormous ambition in her life. She have influence me to farther my education and get a master degree â€Å"in something I loved† I’m taken her advice to â€Å"always take life one step at a time. † I feel that this step will be great for my family and me. I’m a first generation in my family so I know if my parents w ere still around that they would be proud of me of aiming that high in education.I know that those young people in my hometown neighborhood look up to me, even though I grew up in the â€Å"hood† I didn’t let the environment hold me back from something potential. I let the environment motivate me to not become a statistics and not to have my future family being raised in that kind of environment. I know furthering your education the key to success and that’s what I’m trying to show those youngsters in the neighborhood. Instead of just talking about it I must show the kids that it can be accomplished. This makes me feel excellent on the inside that I’m bettering somebody else life.

Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen Dissertation

Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen - Dissertation Example She says, Do not you want to know who has taken it' cried his wife impatiently, and Mr. Bennet replies 'You want to tell me, and I have no objection to hearing it.'(Austen, Ch.1). Austen undoubtedly does this to incite some form of comic relief from the reader but the interactions between the Bennets serves as very valuable benchmark against which the potential courtiers are compared. Mrs. Bennet's anxious paranoia over the futures of her daughters stands in complete opposition to her husband's irresponsible carefree nature. It is obvious Austen also considers their relationship to be valuable, otherwise she wouldn't have made them the first characters we meet in the novel. These two are not a courting couple, those days have come and gone for them; but they do represent two aspects of society that essentially signify what is at stake for their daughters. While Mr. Bennet is an unsuccessful dreamer barely able to support his own family, Mrs. Bennet is a realist who never allows her family or the reader to forget that their only hope for happiness lies is in an equitable marriage. Her take on life is very affective on her other daughters, but doesn't seem to phase Elizabeth, who appears to take more after her father. Jean Ferguson Carr argues that Mrs. Bennet is identified by her exclusion from the realms of sense and power, and is contained within her comic role. As such, she stands in uneasy relationship to her daughter, Elizabeth (Carr, 68). She goes on to further point out that Elizabeth strives to disassociate herself from her mother who is foolish. Instead Elizabeth aspires to be knowing and witty, and treated like such; this is most likely the personality trait that incites her fiery... The present dissertation has attempted to offer the potential reader a new viewpoint of the novel through the analysis of the main characters. This has been done in terms of some cognitive constructs such as image-schemas or conceptual metaphors. They have shed new light on the relationships among the characters in the novel. Furthermore, we could go as far as to state that the whole novel is summarized in terms of the LOVE IS A JOURNEY metaphor. The title of the novel itself: Pride and Prejudice, points to some impediments in this journey towards love. Apart from reducing the novel to a single metaphorical system, an analysis in cognitive terms provides the grounds for the construction of the main characters and for the overall interpretation of the work. Furthermore, this kind of analysis is visual to such an extent that the work is wholly understood without the aid of abstractions. There is evidence that within this framework the changes undergone by the characters and the relationships which hold between them are explained on the basis of what we readers see and experience every day. This is one of the main reasons why the present paper is devoid of abstract explanations. For instance, the conceptualization of people as containers is tremendously visual. Finally, we have seen that Jane Austen has made use of a series of universal constructs as the grounds for the construction of her novel. She has done this unconsciously because they are engraved on our mind in such a way that we use them automatically.

With reference to literature, examine the shift from a medical Essay

With reference to literature, examine the shift from a medical understanding of disability to social one. Discuss the extent to which the social model itself can now be considered outdated - Essay Example Currently, medical model of disability is used by many people use it to view disability. The social model, on the other hand, has been the outcry of many disabled people established to challenge the medical model. It is propagated by the disabled people who feel that their disability is as a result of personal problem and would prefer to keep their disability, and avoid treatment. This paper seeks to discuss the extent to which the social model itself can be viewed as outdated in reference to the shift in medical understanding of disability. The medical model of disability can be said to be a social political model. The model advocates that disability is inborn and is as a result of physical condition found within an individual. This disability can affect an individual emotionally, physically and mentally affecting how the person acts within the society. In this model, the problem is located within the individual (Norwich 2008 pp.54). The model advocates for seeking medical attention for treatment for the impairments or the disabled. The medical intervention provided to people with impairments enables them to fit well within the society without frustrations. The medical model attempts to explain that, the individual disability emanates from clinical conditions and it does not make distinctions between impairments and individual disability (Shakespeare1998 pp.36) In this model, the disabled individuals need to be provided with attention and help to fit in the society, and if this turn out to be problematic the disabled individuals should be taken to institutions that accommodate them while providing services that help them live within the society. The model brings out stereotypes among people who are not disabled influencing their attitudes and perceptions where they see the disabled people with a lot of pity, fear and negative attitudes towards them. The power to help and change the disabled individuals seems

Environmental Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Environmental Management - Essay Example The city is mostly built on the hillsides and five of the rivers flow together near the city. Flooding grasped many parts of the city in the year of 2007 when River Don over flowed. The flood had devastating effects on the city which completely paralyzed the normal routine activities of the city. The businesses of the city were also affected because of which they could not operate. Many of the residents suffered from health hazards and electricity problems. Following the flood many of the organizations took part in the rehabilitation of the city. Deaths were also reported after the flood occurred but immediate services from the environmental agencies helped the city to revive its earlier grace. Environmental agencies played a great role in the rehabilitation of the city. But the effects of the flood are still felt in the city. Moreover efforts by these agencies have helped the city to a great extent to carry out the normal activities. This report would further revolve around the floo d that occurred in Sheffield in the summer of 2007 and would provide with different details about the disaster (Smith 207; Environment Agency 2010) The floods which were caused in United Kingdom were basically because of different reported rainfalls in the country. Summers in United Kingdom always witnessed heavy rainfalls but in the summer 2007 these rainfalls were record breaking. Two significant causes for the 2007 flood have been highlighted. Flash flooding is considered one of the basic causes which disturbed the normal level of water in rivers. Flash flooding occurs when heavy rainfall occurs in a very short time such that it raises the level of water in rivers but after some time the level gets normal again. It occurs when the ground does not have enough capability to hold water and urban landscapes usually do not have enough space to hold water. It was June 15th that heavy rainfall started in England which filled the rivers with

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 19

Assignment Example Research limitations: This paper has a narrow focus (the inadequacy of American multinationals to adapt to expatriation) which is a limitation. By focusing only the failure of American business it could to some degree shows some bias in its conclusions. Practical Implications: In the case of expatriation of managerial staff it is important to take into consideration a wider frame of reference than purely technical skill and a good record. The successful American manager may not be successful elsewhere. And even if appropriate for the role he/she will need training and support in order to excel in their new role. Value to the Reader: The reader learns to see that in order for expatriation of managerial staff to be effective it is important for the entire organization to take a long term outlook and to create an expatriation programme. One which endeavours to select managers who have the coping skills required in expatriation and also to provide them with the required training and support. Finally the expatriate manager needs to be able to gain from the experience; they should not lose out by working abroad. It is this emphasize in particular which sets Japanese and European corporate cultures apart from the American ones. The American multinationals are reluctant to invest in expatriation programmes’ because of the mobile nature of the American workforce. Also because they have a more inward looking approach as companies the expatriate manager’s frequently find themselves losing out in their corporate career. The authors believe that this imbalance needs to be addressed in orde r for American multinationals to become more successful at expatriation. Design: This research begins with an overview of the resource-based view of multinational enterprizes.It then overviews some examples taken from Spanish multinationals; it makes

Illusion and Perspective in Renaissance Art Essay

Illusion and Perspective in Renaissance Art - Essay Example Studiolo literally translates into "study" ("Studiolo"), and that is what its owner intended for it to be when he had it installed in the ducal palace in the small town of Gubbio in Italy. Federico de Montefeltro (1422-1482), the Duke of Urbino, commissioned the studiolo in 1476 as an in-house center for intellectual pursuits ("Studiolo"), for the study and perusal of private papers, as well as for keeping precious belongings. It was also an effective conversation-piece for special guests, launching them into conversations they were unlikely to forget for a long time. But walking around the room and marveling at the excellent craftsmanship around me, I couldn't help but feel that it had a much deeper purpose. I imagined that whenever the duke allowed friends and visitors to step into this tiny enclave, it was like he was allowing them a privileged peek through a window, or in this case, many windows into his very soul. Through a very clever style of wood inlaying known as intarsia, de Montefeltro's designer Baccio Pontelli succeeded in showcasing practically every facet of the duke's personality and vast range of interests in a creatively personal manner. The Metropolitan Museum of Art describes the technique as using "thousands of tiny pieces of different kinds of wood to create the illusion of walls lined with cupboards. Their lattice doors are open, revealing a dazzling array of the accoutrements of the duke's life" ("Studiolo"). At the core of this technique is the use of the illusionistic perspective-an interesting contrast or, some say, complement to the humanistic realism that was prevalent in Renaissance art. The art of illusion, or trompe l'oeil (French for "fool the eye"), presents a scene in order to fool the viewer into mistaking it for reality ("The Illusion"). The pictorial images on the wood panels of the studiolo look three-dimensional, obviously designed to make the viewer think that what he is seeing is real. As a patron of the arts, de Montefeltro would have belonged to that class of people in Renaissance Italy who could afford to have special works commissioned by expensive artists. Having the studiolo done by a top-calibre craftman showed his prominent stature in society. The tiny room's contents further exhibited his passion for the liberal arts-literature, music, mathematics, astronomy and the military arts- which, more often than not, were the domain of the learned uppercrust in 15th to 16th century Europe. His love for learning was evident by the 30 or so books showcased in the cabinets. The presence of citterns, lutes, and harps showed that he probably preferred delicate music, such as medieval chansons and types of Baroque music. Hanging from a hook on the top shelf of one of the panels is an armillary sphere, an astronomical instrument used in the fifteenth century for teaching elementary astronomy ("Studiolo"). One of the most interesting items on display was an octagonal bird cage that is seen through a half-open cabinet, and in it is perched a parakeet and its seed box. Since such exotic birds and animals could only be owned by royalty and other wealthy citizens, one can conclude that the duke was truly a person of great importance during his time. The parakeet, it seems, was a status symbol. It would

The World Into Which Christianity Came Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The World Into Which Christianity Came - Essay Example 20, 2007) and about 6 million are considered practicing or doing the mandates of the religion, including attendance to regular mass, doing the sacraments, and participating in missionary works. Although they trace to the same founder, Christians are classified into different congregations each having their own sets of ideals, fundamental beliefs, and practices, which are either solely based on the Scriptures or with tradition. The largest Christian group is the Roman Catholics. Other groups include: The Amish, Baptist churches, Church of England, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Church of Scotland, Eastern Orthodox Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Methodist Church, Pentecostalism, Catholic Church, Seventh-day Adventists among others that existed throughout the world. The popularity of the Christian movement and its rapid acceptance in the early centuries of its development is a manifestation of the need of the peoples during those times. The society in which this interest group had started must have something that served as a driving force to accept the teachings of Christianity. Understanding the need of these generations would provide a good picture and vivid perceptive why such ideals evolved into a widely received trend and values. The Society Upon Which Christianity Christianity emerged in the 1st century and was congregated by Jews and their non-Jewish converts who accepted the beliefs of Jewish Christians. Initially though, the teachings inherent in the Christian societies are meant for the Jewish people, but the message became universal, which means Jewish and non-Jewish alike benefit from the teachings and are accepted into the society. There were several precursors to the growth and strengthening of the Christian movement. Among which is the growing need for independence of the Jewish people, and the collapse of Judaism in the Roman society. A society of the oppressed Why do we consider the Jews hunger for independent life Basically Christianity traced its roots from Judaism with its founder, Jesus Christ belonging to a sect of the Judaism religion. Before Christianity appeared as a religion, all Jews could either be classified as Pharisees, Sadducees, or Essenes (C. George Boeree's "A Brief History of Judaism"). The entry point of Christianity was based on the conditions of the Jewish people under the rule of the Roman Empire. The Jews, claiming to be God's people had been in bondage for a long time and was very desperate for freedom. About a hundred years before Jesus was born, the Romans granted them control over their kingdom but internal divisions weakened the Jewish kingdom that prompted the Romans to take control over once again in 63 BCE (BBC Team's "History of Judaism"). Oppression were felt by the lowly Jewish not only from the Romans but also from other Jewish who ruled them under Roman controls. The priests or Sadducees were allied to the rulers and lost favor with the people, who turned increasingly to the Pharisees or Scribes, from whose group Rabbis or teachers arose. Jesus was considered one among those messianic teachers who emerged from the oppressed Jewish society. Under the circumstances of the Jewish race, the people

Staffing Organization Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Staffing Organization - Assignment Example Lastly, I will propose the types of initial and substantive assessment methods, and identify predictors used to assess KSAOs. 1. Formulate a recruitment plan and strategy that will be used to staff the coffee shop initially and throughout the next three (3) years. A recruitment strategy ensures that business goals are attained. It is referred to as a roadmap that guides business personnel on best methods of hiring quality employees. In formulating recruitment strategy for Gourmet Coffee Shop, the first plan that I will use to staff the coffee shop in the next three years is job description. It involves finding out detailed information on the kind of post that applicants need to occupy (Jex, 2002). Workers always have the tendency knowing the type vacancies advertised before they think of applying for the job. Job description also involves job specification, which is an elucidation of the credentials, familiarity and personal aspects required by a candidate. Methods such as promoting initial employees within the Coffee shop ensure that a business preserves and encourages hard working employees. The process of promoting staffs within has significant advantages since they are used to the working environment. Furthermore, another method is referral, in which staff members are expected to bring in new qualified recruits to the business. The strategy is cheap since it reduces the recruitment cost, involves current employees, motivates staff, and decreases time spent in hiring. Other methods that can be used are inside headhunt, looking for resume databases or hiring an outside employee service. The second strategy is screening and evaluation of the job applicants. This process leads to short-listing process that involves getting qualified members of the team and removing those that have failed to achieve the interview requirements. Lastly, the final strategy to apply is documentation of the recruited staff members. This will assist in tracking the qualified applicant s, hence making it easy to monitor their work for the successful running if the coffee shop (Bechet, 2008). The documentation will act as a source of evidence proving that the recruitment was a fair process to evade conflict and misunderstandings. 2. Create a communication message (realistic, brand, or targeted) to attract applicants to the open positions. I will create a brand communication message to attract applicant for the open positions, and ensure that has the ability for sustainability, self-selection and business growth (Davis, 2010). Gourmet Coffee Shop offers unique and quality coffee and extra fast foods that are prepared by experts. Coffee is the major product served by the shop to its customers and is prepared exceptionally for the targeted students and lectures of the nearby college. Employees will obtain free job training for an outstanding and quality services offered to customers by working for the coffee shop. Consequently, the strategic location of the Gourmet Co ffee Shop makes it an ever busy shop. Furthermore, the coffee shop is an employer’s choice because of its considerate salary it offers to staff members, unlike other coffee shop that pays its workers small amount of money. Gourmet Coffee Shop recognizes the hard work and effort put by its workers by rewarding them by issuing out promotions and bonuses. 3. Select the communication medium for the recruitment effort and explain why that method was chosen over others. I will use is social media as a communication

Three writers walk into a bar Essay Example for Free

Three writers walk into a bar Essay Edward Said was not able to forget the images he had just seen in an art exhibition of Twin Tower and London Bombing. On one hand he was really touched by the effort done by the photographers to provide the grief and pain experienced by people affected by it and on the other hand the ability of people to fight with such crime helping each other even in such ghastly period. He just stopped on the road when he saw Shweder and Nussbaum coming towards him with friendly smiles on their faces and greetings. â€Å"How do you do?† asked Nussbaum while Shweder hugged him with courtesy. Said for a moment forgot the internal discussion he was having with himself. Nussbaum said, â€Å"It has been long that we have sat together and had some hot discussions.† Said smiled and told â€Å"May be I will not be able to participate as I am just coming from an exhibition and saw some horrific pictures of terrorist attacks. I am lost thinking about those who would have done and those who would have paid prices for that. You people can carry on.† â€Å"Than, we must sit to have a simple conversation, there is a good bar nearby, shall we go there? asked Shweder. â€Å"Sure† After sitting in bar Nussbaum told, â€Å"Oh, even we people from academic fields who studies these issues can not keep ourselves out of the emotional aspects.† â€Å"Come on we are human being everything in our society and surroundings impacts our emotional, mental and intellectual states.†Ã‚   Said told. â€Å"Yes, very true,† Shweder nodded with agreement and explained further â€Å"You know what we feel in that way because we have been bought up in the families where humanitarian values and moral aspects were given importance. It is our families which rooted this feeling deep within our hearts, brain and emotions that we should empathize with others.† â€Å"No, I have a different view altogether in such scenario.† Nussbaum leaned forward to pick up almonds from the plate and explained further, â€Å"You know when I see around me, I find people running for endless destinations. They do not know or bother to know who lives next to them or who is sitting besides them. They are so busy with themselves that even husband and wives do not get time for each other as compared to the past. Compassion has lost its meaning. But such kinds of events†¦.please do not take me otherwise, I am not supporting terrorism, but I am giving my view on implications of such attacks in other way round. People have come closer to others. Said have sympathy for those whom probably he has not even seen or met. What it means? Terrorist on one hand are spreading terror but as a by product of such activities people irrespective of their ethnic, sexual, economic backgrounds are coming together to hold each other’s hand and share their pain and grief.† â€Å" Said, what do you think how people can go to such extent?† â€Å"Shweder you know fundamentalism very well, you have written so much for this particular topic. This is an ill effect of fundamentalism. These people w execute terrorist attacks are taught only what handful of people think is right. They do not get enough   freedom to choose what they want to study or learn. They only learn what these people want. The overall learning process is around such things which are not good for human society.† â€Å"Yes I know.† Anyway I feel now I am comfortable, thank you both of you.

Benefits Of Ict In Smes Information Technology Essay

Benefits Of Ict In Smes Information Technology Essay Introduction Research indicates that Information and Communication Technology (ICT) offers promising opportunities for organizations to meet the challenges of an ever-changing environment (Kapurubandara and Lawson, 2006). ICTs are recognized as key tools in management processes, having a remarkable potential to contribute to sustained competitive advantage for businesses (Ion and Andreea, 2008). In Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs), ICT can be used as a business tool to reduce costs, create stronger links with customers, innovate and facilitate market niche (Kutlu and Ozturan, 2009). Although there are difficulties associated with the use ICT in SMEs, however this study highlights the benefits associated with the use of ICT a Nigerian SMEs and identifies some problems facing the Nigerian SME sector. Significance of SMEs The importance of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) cannot be overlooked in the economic development of any country since SMEs play a critical role in every countrys economic development and Nigeria is no exception. SMEs have been fully recognized both in developed and developing countries as the main engine of economic growth and a major factor in promoting private sector development and partnership (Okongwu, 2001). SMEs are often seen as vital for the growth and innovation of dynamic economies as they create employment (Mutula and Brakel, 2006). They are flexible and can adapt quickly to changing market demands as supply situations help diversify economic activity that has significant contribution to imports and exports (Ongori, 2009). Thus, SMEs contribute more and more to the national and international economies of the world. According to Wattanapruttipaisan (2003), the significance of SMEs for growth, productivity and competitiveness of the economies in both developed and developing countries is universally recognized since SMEs contribute to improved living standards, bring about substantial local capital formation and achieve high level of productivity and capability. They are recognized as the principal means of achieving equitable and sustainable industrial diversification and dispersal. The contributions of SMEs to the Nigerian economy are not contestable as about 10% of the total manufacturing output and 70% of the industrial employment are by SMEs. SMEs also promote industrial and economic development through the utilization of local resources, production of intermediate goods and the transformation of rural technology (Aina, 2007). Nigerian SMEs do not only provide employment and income for majority of its citizens but also, SMEs are acknowledged as the breeding ground for domestic entrepreneurial capabilities, technical skills, technological innovativeness and managerial competencies for the private sector development (SMEDAN, 2005, Aina, 2007). The benefits of SMEs to any economy are easily noticeable as SMEs are known to contribute to the development of several economies in terms of output of goods and services, creation of jobs at relatively low capital cost, especially in the fast growing service sector and they provide a vehicle for the reduction of income disparities thus developing a pool of skilled or semi-skilled workers as a basis for the future industrial expansion (Aina, 2007). SMEs also improve forward and backward linkages between economically, socially and geographically diverse sectors of many economies and provide opportunities for development (SMEDAN, 2005). Therefore, the development of SMEs is an essential element in the growth strategy of most economies and holds particular significance for Nigeria. SMEs have been defined by SMEDAN as: Size Category Employment Assets (N million) excluding land and building 1 Micro Enterprises Less than 10 Less than 5 2 Small enterprises 10-49 5- less than 50 3 Medium enterprises 50-199 50- less than 500 (SMEDAN, 2005) In Nigeria, SMEs cover the entire range of economic activity within all sectors and share a number of common problems. These problems as identified by the Small and Medium Enterprises Development Agency of Nigeria (SMEDAN) and other similar studies include low market access to credit, poor information flow, discriminatory legislation, poor access to land, weak linkages among different sectors, weak operating capabilities in terms of skills, lack of knowledge and attitudes, lack of infrastructural facilities among others. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Information and Communication Technology (ICT) refers to a wide range of computerized technologies. ICT is any technology that enables communication and the electronic capturing, processing and transmission of information. These technologies include products and services such as desktop computers, laptops, handheld devices, wired or wireless intranet, business productivity software such as text editor and spreadsheet, enterprise software, data storage and security, network security and so on (Ashrafi and Murtaza, 2008). In Nigeria, commonly used ICTs include Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), Automated Teller Machines (ATMs), mobile phones, and smart cards. The Role of ICT in SMEs In the present knowledge-based economy, it is important for SMEs to adopt processes that would enable them provide services that would bring about competitive advantage. ICT has a significant positive impact on organizational performance (Maldeni and Jayasena, 2009). ICT is crucial to SMEs as it is a major catalyst and enabler of organizational change (Hazbo et al, 2008). Modern businesses are not possible without the use of ICT which is having a significant impact on the operations of SMEs and it is claimed to be essential for the survival and growth of economies in general (Berisha-Namanil, 2009). ICTs provide opportunities for business transformations (Chibelushi, 2008). It also provides SMEs the opportunity to conduct business anywhere (Jennex et al, 2004). It is commonly accepted that ICT provides many potential benefits to organizations so as to make them more efficient, effective and competitive (Fink and Disterer, 2006). ICT increases richness and reach (Evans and Wurster, 19 97). This refers to the way companies communicate, collaborate, conduct transactions internally with their customers, suppliers and distributors via the internet and the ability for local SMEs to participate in the digital economy (Golding, et al, 2008). According to Erumban and de Jong (2006), ICT has created a revolution by making the world seemingly smaller and improving potential economic growth. Pavic et al (2007) argue that SMEs have the opportunity to achieve a competitive advantage from the advances in ICT through innovation, marketing, efficiency gains, better quality and customer responsiveness. Also, Levy et al (2002) found some evidence which shows that SMEs act proactively in relation to the use of ICT. The European Commission (2008) state that SMEs could use ICT in order to grow and to become more innovative. The use of ICT in SMEs should be encouraged as it can help to improve technical and managerial skills, making available e-business solutions for SMEs and addressing the high cost of ownership of ICT equipment. Also, Love et al (2004) ascertains that the use of ICT provides many benefits to SMEs at different levels (operational level, tactical level and strategic level). In addition, Ongori (2009) states that the use of ICT would help change the way businesses operate in this era of globalization by changing business structures and increasing competition, creating competitive advantage for businesses and by changing business operations. Therefore, SMEs must have an ability to compete and dynamically respond to rapidly changing markets as it plays a significant role in an organizations growth and success. According to Kapurubandara and Lawson (2006), for survival in a competitive global economy and staying abreast, it is apparent that SMEs embrace ICT as it is becoming imperative for SMEs to gain competitive advantage and for stability in international markets. This implies that there are several benefits associated with the use of ICT. Benefits of ICT in SMEs The benefit of ICT cuts across all sectors of the economy and all the fields of human activities (Udo and Edoho, 2000). ICT can improve the standard of living and enhance business operations as well as organizational efficiency (Udo and Edoho, 2000). Appropriate use of ICT can assist SMEs to gain competitive advantage by reducing costs and improving core business processes. According to Brynjolfsson and Hitt (2000), the use of ICT can help to cut down the costs of coordination, communication, information processing and also enable efficient service provision at lower cost. ICT is a strategic tool that enables users to be efficient and effective (Sewanyana, 2009). The diffusion of ICT in many countries by different sectors of the economy have been found to have direct positive impact on the organizations efficiency and have led to more rapid acceleration of development in these countries (Achimugu et al, 2009). In Nigeria, preliminary investigations show that only few SMEs presently u se ICT. However, there has not been a formal study to ascertain the impact of ICT in these organizations. According to Fullanteli and Allegra (2003), ICT offer enterprises a wide range of possibilities for improving their competitiveness. They provide mechanisms for getting access to new market opportunities and specialized information services such as distance consulting, continuous training, new advisory modes, and so on. Organizations can exchange real-time information and build closer relationships with their customers, suppliers and business partners; customer can receive immediate feedback that allows companies to react fast to changing customer demands and recognising new market niches. This means that organizations that are able to exploit the potentials offered by ICT can handle innovative processes such as Supply Chain Management (SCM), Customer Relationship Management (CRM) and Knowledge Management (KM) more effectively (Fullanteli and Allegra, 2003). Since, ICT has been described as critical to the competitiveness and growth of SMEs (Apulu and Latham, 2009), it is important for it to be applied in the relevant manner in order to reap the far-reaching payoffs of ICT. Shiels et al (2003) state that technology would not lead to business growth except it is aligned with a business strategy. This means that having the right technology in the right place and at the right time would assist to improve business performance and also aid competitiveness and sustainability (Swift, 2009). Once ICT is integrated into a business process, it becomes a useful tool in many stages of the value chain (Swift, 2009). The use of ICT in SMEs helps to improve communication ability to exchange data, teamwork, customer relations services, market share and so on. It allows companies to obtain, process, accumulate and exchange information (Ion and Andreea, 2008). Another benefit of using ICT in SMEs is the fact that high efficiency is obtained in business transactions due to a fast and accurate processing of information (Ion and Andreea, 2008). Lal (2005) further states that web-enabled services increase the competitiveness of SMEs because they change the relationship with customers by creating a stronger link between firms and clients. The use of ICT in SMEs facilitates cooperation within the company, between the company and other firms. Similarly, Swift (2009) states that SMEs benefit from the use of ICT as it increases productivity, efficiency of internal business and operation and connects SMEs more easily and cheaply to external contact. Other benefits include increasing business competitiveness; vertical integration with other related initiatives, meeting stakeholders of various institutions; networking with other parties; creating of an enabling environment and the development of an internal competence in capturing market opportunities (Swift, 2009). Hence, the investment in ICT will result in increasing SMEs rates of sales and share of market, improve their Return on Investments (ROI), reduce cost and assist them to develop new products and/or markets. Chowdhury and Wolf (2003) argue that SMEs use ICTs both as input in the production process and in the transaction process selling their products or acquiring inputs. ICT enhances enterprise performance through indirect cost savings such as labour costs, increased labour productivity and direct cost reduction of firms input (Chowdhury and Wolf, 2003; Love et al, 2006). On top of these short-run impacts of ICT in the production process, the use of ICTs in the transaction process can foster input and output market expansion. However, in the long run ICT may have a bigger impact as it can completely restructure the production process and transaction methods and also increase flexibility and improve outputs (Chowdhury and Wolf, 2003). In order words, it can be concluded that ICTs can influence the performance of an enterprise in multifaceted ways. In addition, ICT has been widely perceived as major tools for kick-starting ailing economies and consequently in assisting developing societies to catch up with the developed world. ICT can assist groups that have lost out of the mainstream of development (Obijiofor et al, 2005). ICTs have valuable potentials for developing SMEs through more effective use and better integration in their business processes. This will bring about a change among SMEs and make them more competitive, innovative and also generate growth (Obijiofor et al, 2005). Nevertheless, several factors hinder SMEs from fully realizing these benefits. According to Liedholm (2002); Ducombe and Molla, (2009), SMEs especially in Africa suffer from many constraints related to an unfriendly policy and regulatory environment, lack of finance, lack of skills, access to markets and market information, lack of infrastructure among others and Nigerian SMEs is no exception. Problems of SMEs in Nigeria Several problems are militating against the development of SMEs in Nigeria. As a developing economy, one of the most worrying among these constraints is the issue of funding (Aina, 2007). This is because most banks are afraid of funding SMEs for the reason that they want to minimize their risk profile. Also, the Nigerian economic situation is not very attractive to investors (Aina, 2007). This forms a major constraint to SMEs growth in the country. In Nigeria, there is the problem of inadequate and inefficient infrastructural facilities, which tend to escalate costs of operation as SMEs are forced to resort to private provisioning of utilities such as water supply, electricity, and so on (Udechukwu, 2003). Other problems include lack of adequate credit for SMEs traceable to the reluctance of banks to extend credit as well as inadequate collateral by SME operators, weak demand for products arising from low and declining consumer purchasing power and lack of patronage of locally produced goods by those in authority (Onugu, 2005). All these problems hinder the effective use of ICT in Nigerian SMEs. Electricity constraint is a major factor that affects the use of ICT in Nigerian SMEs. In many rural areas, there are no electricity supplies; while in the towns and cities where there is electricity, its presence is limited. Electricity generation and distribution therefore negatively affect the diffusion levels of ICT in the country (Akpan-Obong, 2007). Nigerian population lacks access to electricity. Therefore unless power supply is stabilized, as well as expanded to the rural areas, electricity is likely to remain a key factor hindering the development of SMEs in Nigeria. There is also the problem of multiplicity of regulatory agencies and taxes which has always resulted in high cost of doing business, poor management practices and low entrepreneurial skill arising from inadequate educational and technical background of many SME owners (Udechukwu, 2003). Similarly, developmental policies weigh in favour of large firms and sometimes foreign owned firms leaving SMEs in a distressed and vulnerable position. Corruption, lack of transparency, very high bureaucratic costs and lack of government interest in supporting the roles of SMEs in national economic development and competitiveness. The most worrying of all among these challenges is funding. Most SMEs enterprises are not attractive prospects for banks as they want to minimize their risk profile. Also, In Nigeria, provision of public infrastructure is grossly inadequate and poor (Posu, 2006). Necessary telecommunication services, as public infrastructure, needed for meaningful investment are very expensive and inadequate. Research Method Case studies are the most common qualitative method used in information systems research (Cassell and Symon, 2004; Burns, 2000; Yin, 1993; Orlikowski and Baroudi, 1991). Sauer (1993) is of the opinion that research in information systems is best done by case study. A case study research is useful when a phenomenon and context are not clearly evident (Yin, 2003). It also allows us to study a phenomenon within its natural context (Yin, 2009). Therefore given the exploratory nature of this study, the qualitative case study approach is adopted. According to Yin (1994), case study methodology offers a means of testing existing theories while providing a probable analytic generalization. This study is based on primary research from interviews and secondary research including internal documents and academic sources. The case study was selected based on the size of the company, in accordance with the definition of SMEs in Nigeria and also based upon the post-ICT experience in the company. Semi-structured interviews were used to gather details of the SME. Questions related to the business aspects of the company, drivers for ICT adoption, barriers to ICT adoption, use of ICT, ICT infrastructure, competition and benefits of ICT were asked at some point in the interview. In terms of the analysis of the interviews, notes were compiled during each interview which gave an accurate reflection of the information gathered. In addition, some company documents were reviewed. Furthermore, extensive amount of secondary data was collected and reviewed from various sources which included books and academic journals. A general introduction to the organization involved is provided below , followed by a discussion on the benefits of ICT within the organization. The company in this paper has been given pseudonyms and some details of the company have been shrouded to maintain company confidentiality. Case Study MACO is a small manufacturing company located in Port-Harcourt, Nigeria and was established in 2003. Presently, the company has fourty employees all of which are full time workers. The companys goal is to satisfy its present and future customers by developing level of services superior to those of its competitors. MACOs vision is to satisfy customer needs by providing promt and efficient services and to create a secured and viable engineering solution to its customers. In 2005, the company decided to implement an ICT system called ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) due to the competitive nature of the market and the need to stand out from the crowd. Another reason behind the companys decision to use the new system was as a result of the challenges MACO was facing with its customers in terms of tendering and purchase processes and in the production capacity planning. The ERP system helps in the companys production capacity planning and control, so that the scheduling and resource allo cation for different projects can be planned ahead before the project begins. The ERP system has given MECO a huge opportunity. The company can now easily target new customers, survive and grow in this competitive climate and also build long term relationships with its customers. Discussion SMEs have been recognized for playing very important roles towards the economic growth, development and stability of several economies. SMEs play a vital role in employment generation and immensely contribute to the Gross Domestic Products (GDPs) of several countries (OECD, 2000). With reference to the case study presented above, it can be said that there are several benefits associated with the use of ICT. ICT offers SMEs a competitive edge over its competitors (for example increase in production capacity planning and control) hence, it is vital for Nigerian SMEs to use ICT. It should be regarded as a critical tool for SMEs competitiveness. Based on the literature review, some major factors that affect Nigerian SMEs are lack of infrastructural facilities and lack of electricity. Furthermore, lack of resources is another major factor. Hence, the Nigerian government should set up different agencies to look into the various problems associated with SMEs in Nigeria. The government can provide an enabling environment in which ICT can realize its full potential. They can help to address the problems and challenges of awareness and infrastructure under- development (Payne, 2001). Nowadays several organizations have moved from manual paper-based to ICTs for internal processing of information, and from telephony to ICTs for external communication. Thus access to ICT has provided people with a foundation for building up and applying knowledge globally and particularly in developing nations (Ani et al, 2007). Through the use of ICT, modern society has been described as an information age and the knowledge economy. In the present knowledge based economy, the use of ICT can to bring the same competitive advantage to small and medium sized enterprises as brought to large enterprises. ICTs are also making it possible for developing countries to participate in the world economy in ways that simply were not possible in the past. Hence, information and communication technologies should be regarded as a strategic tool in SMEs. The use of ICTs in SMEs should therefore, be considered as part of the wider informal to formal transition process for information systems. There is need for SMEs to undertake continuous improvement of their existing processes, products and services. They need to introduce products and services with extended capabilities to create more value for their customers (Hanif and Sajjad, 2009). On one hand, ICT provides all enterprises with a lot of opportunities for their business activities. On the other hand, SMEs have always been considered to be the major economic players and strong sources of economic growth. Therefore, it is apparent that the use of ICT in SMEs is critical in every economy including Nigeria. As a result of Nigerian SMEs not being fully ICT-enabled they are unable to keep up with the pace of globalization. Thus they are deprived of ways by which ICTs can improve it their business processes. ICTs have the potential to improve SMEs business processes as it brings about better insights. Hence, the government needs to address these issues to encourage ICT enabled SMEs. Nigeria can as well leapfrog from its present status of  under development to a fully developed global giant, as it cannot afford to stand alone (Elebeke, 2009). Todays business world has been deeply influenced by ICT and its application among business is widespread. ICT are rapidly changing global production, work and business methods and trade and consumption patterns in and between enterprises and consumers (Alam and Noor, 2009). Also, SMEs are often seen as a vital source of growth and innovation in a dynamic economy and consequently small businesses help to diversify the economy and at the same time create employment (Machacha, 2002, Banda et al, 2004). Therefore, the ability for SMEs to survive in an increasingly competitive global environment is largely dependent upon their capacity to leverage technologies. Conclusion and Recommendations The use of ICT can provide a platform for future growth of SMEs however; the use of ICT in Nigerian SMEs is relatively low due to many factors militating against their growth. For Nigerian SMEs to effectively use ICT, technological infrastrucures should be put in place by the government to support ICT use. Based on the literature review and case study, it is certain that there are several benefits associated with the use of ICT. Hence, effective use of ICT in Nigeria SMEs would bring about enormous opportunities for these SMEs. Therefore, for an SME to set itself apart from its competitors and also have a sustainable competitive advantage there is a need to invest in ICT. There is also a need for the government to intensify the efforts of promoting the use of ICT in Nigerian SMEs since ICT is known to improve managerial practices in SMEs and also assist SMEs to grow and become more innovative. Finally, the Nigerian government must invest largely in the SME sector by making more funds available to SMEs and putting structures in place to ensure a successful investment. The integration of ICT in Nigerian SMEs would help integrate these SMEs into the world IT village.

puritanism Essay -- essays research papers

The Puritans dream was to create a model society for the rest of the Christians.. Their goal was to make a society in every way connected to god. Every aspect of their lives, from political views and employment to recreation and dress, was taken into account in order to live a more pious life. But to really understand what the aspirations of the puritans were, we must first understand their beliefs. The Puritans believed that a man’s only purpose in life was â€Å"to glorify God on earth and, if he were especially fortunate, to continue the good work in Heaven.† For the puritans, to glorify god meant keeping him in mind at all times, working to the best of their ability at whatever job god had had set fate for them to do, and following a strict moral code based on the bible. Every act and thought in a Puritans life was either a working for god or the opposite. Thus, leading a pious life in the form of working hard, praying, and churchgoing, was considered paying homage to God. Through all of these things, the most important was to be mindful of God at all times.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This does not mean, however, that the Puritans did not allow themselves to be comfortable and happy. First of all, the Puritans took happiness in the knowledge that they were living a pure life the way God had intended it to be. Second they believed in working hard, and if one acquired wealth by working hard, saving, and staying sober, than that was evidence of God favoring that person. Eating well, drinking well, sexual indulgence within the bounds of marriage, and enjoying the comforts of life were not assets that were set by the Puritans. In actuality, the Puritans were against certain human actions that they regarded as evils: greediness, materialism, and concern with the externals of religion rather than with the things of the spirit. The puritan was in constant internal conflict, whether it was restraining his human desires, or if he failed in that, than scolding to try harder in efforts. The Puritans believed that they were God’s select few that coul d carry out his original orders the way he had intended.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  They came to the New World to bring upon a â€Å"City Upon a Hill† that would serve as a model for the rest of the Christian world. The city of God was destined to be built in New England and the Puritans intended to be the founders. An enti... ...nificant challenge to Massachusetts was Anne Hutchinson. She believed that living a pious life was not enough to become a true Puritan and that to become a true Puritan one must undergo a conversion experience. Hutchinson berated the leaders of the colony for having ministers that she believed were not part of the election and she was a serious threat to the established colonists. Her followers grew to a large amount. She became influential enough to prevent Winthrop’s reelection as governor in 1636. The next year he returned to office and had her tried for heresy. Even though she displayed remarkable knowledge of theology, she still defied clergy, and was eventually banished for sedition.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Puritans dreamed of creating the perfect god fearing society as a model for the entire Christian world. They did everything in their power to keep this dream alive. They created strict laws, and enforced them vigorously all in the name of God. But it was destined to fail because of the growing political liberty in England and the numerous advancements during the age of enlightenment, which eventually came into direct conflict with established Puritan beliefs.

Terrorism and the Just War Tradition Essay -- September 11 Terrorism E

Terrorism and the Just War Tradition       It ´s important, at the outset, to understand what the just-war tradition is, and isn ´t. The just-war tradition is not an algebra that provides custom-made, clear-cut answers under all circumstances. Rather, it is a kind of ethical calculus, in which moral reasoning and rigorous empirical analysis are meant to work together, in order to provide guidance to public authorities on whom the responsibilities of decision-making fall. This essay will study the tradition and apply it to the Sept. 11 aftermath.    From its beginnings in St. Augustine, just-war thinking has been based on the presumption -- better, the classic moral judgment -- that rightly-constituted public authorities have the moral duty to pursue justice -- even at risk to themselves and those for whom they are responsible. That is why, for example, St. Thomas Aquinas discussed just war under the broader subject of the meaning of "charity," and why the eminent Protestant theologian Paul Ramsey argued that the just-war tradition is an attempt to think through the public meaning of the commandment of love-of-neighbor. In today ´s international context, "justice" includes the defense of freedom (especially religious freedom), and the defense of a minimum of order in international affairs. For these are the crucial components of the peace that is possible in a fallen world.    This presumption -- that the pursuit of justice is a moral obligation of statecraft -- shapes the first set of moral criteria in the just-war tradition, which scholars call the "ius ad bellum" or "war-decision law:" Is the cause a just one? Will the war be conducted by a responsible public authority? Is there a "right intention" (which, among ... ...tc.; no one suggests that guerrilla warfare is anything other than warfare. It is true that the just-war tradition is accustomed to thinking of states as the only "unit-of-count" in world politics. The new situation demands a development of the just-war tradition. As a method of moral reasoning about politics, the just-war tradition emerged long before the state system; the tradition developed to deal with the realities of a world in which states were the primary actors, and now it must develop to help us think through our moral obligations in a world in which non-state actors, like terrorist organizations and networks (often allied with states), are crucial, and intentionally lethal, actors.    SOURCES CITED:    CNN.com http://www.cnn.com/    In Response to Terrorism. http://www.powertochange.com/peace/articles/terror_response.html   

Charles Dickens’ live Essay

Charles Dickens’ highly reputable and famous book, Great Expectations has been one of the most dominating, important and effective novels he has written. It originally emerged in a serialised form in ‘All The Year Round’ (a weekly journal conducted by Charles Dickens) in 1860 -1861 and is, to this day and age, thought to be one of his paramount novels. When the book was published, critics were instantaneous to give diverse and mixed reviews towards the book, disliking the exaggeration of both the characters and plot Charles Dickens had carefully formulated. Although the critics were assorted in their reviews, the readers were genuinely ebullient towards Great Expectations that the 1861 edition enforced five printings. Great Expectations was published during the Victorian era which also was the time in which Charles Dickens’ lived. The Victorian era had a very high mortality rate due to children catching cholera or tuberculosis, which lead to their deaths. Children had strenuous and dejected childhoods, if they were lucky enough to survive in to adulthood; because families did not have enough money children would work to meet financial satisfaction. They were employed in difficult positions, commonly in factories or jobs people would not usually do, with long working hours lasting eight to twelve hours a day and generally six days a week. By the 1830’s certain charities and associations approached the problem and helped children and their families by giving food and clothes. Ensuing the 1840’s, school was an obligation and children stopped working to go to school and to get an education. Charles Dickens’ family did not prosper in wealth, money was a concerning subject in the family. The large family’s needs and living expenses were too much for John Dickens (Charles Dickens’ father) salary that when Charles Dickens was four months the family had to move to a smaller home to save money. Charles Dickens wanted to become a gentleman (an educated man), although it seemed unlikely when John Dickens was arrested and sent to jail due to failure of paying debts. In order to pay off the debt Charles Dickens was sent to a shoe-polish factory. Charles did not have a happy childhood, which I think is reflected in some of his books like Great Expectations. This brings me to the young boy Phillip Pirrip, also known as Pip, the protagonist of the story. I am going to be writing about how Dickens creates sympathy for Pip. Pip never seems to attain his dreams for a more improved life. At the very beginning of the book, we meet Pip and we find out that he will be narrating this story, the book is his story and is told in his words. Pip’s narration, straightaway, brings about his childhood problems which creates sympathy for him. Pip is first introduced in a graveyard. The setting of a graveyard seems very sombre, dark and upsetting. ‘The marshes were just a long black horizontal line then, as I stopped to look after him; and the river was just another horizontal line, not nearly so broad nor yet so black; and the sky was just a row of long angry red lines and dense black lines intermixed.’ Darkness and blood is suggested by the imagery of the landscape of the marshes with black and red lines. It does not give a blissful feeling to us either. Pip talks about his deceased parents, he is an orphan and this makes us feel pity for him. He seemed to be a very innocent child, this is reflected through the inscription on his parent’s graves. Pip has memorised these inscriptions and he has also created an image of his deceased parents and siblings which further tell us that he is an innocent child, as most children have great imaginations compared to adults. We see the advancement of Pip’s life when he meets with an escaped convict, who escaped from hulks (prison ships that transport criminals to Australia), who is later to be revealed as Abel Magwitch. Pip seems to treat the runaway convict with kindness through fear of the convict. ‘After each question he tilted me over a little more, so as to give me a greater sense of helplessness and danger.’ This quote of Pip’s narration, made me feel sorry for him because he is being threatened through fear and you cannot help but feel as if Pip is in grave danger now that he has associated with such a threatening convict. ‘I was dreadfully frightened, and so giddy that I clung to him with both hands.’ Pip is being bullied by Abel Magwitch, it makes us feel compassion for Pip, it also makes us think Pip is so helpless. His violent sister, who always reminds him how grateful he should be for her bringing him up, and her husband, the ever so friendly blacksmith Joe, who is like a brother to Pip, both look after Pip. â€Å"†¦I supposed that both Joe Gargery and I were brought up by hand.† this quote means both Pip and Joe were beaten by Pip’s sister. Dickens makes us feel sorry for Pip in this quote due to Pip’s treatment from his sister’s fierce temperament as no one would like to be beaten. Irony is used when the stick used to beat Pip is referred to as the ‘Tickler’. Tickler is the cane with which Mrs. Gargery hits Pip. The mannerism in which Mrs. Gargery butters the bread for Pip and Joe is ‘†¦trenchant†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, she has a forceful and vigorous way of buttering. Her apron is coarse, full of needles and is tough. She wears this apron as a reminder to Joe and Pip meaning that she is looking after them. ‘† I tell you what, young fellow,† said she, â€Å"I didn’t bring you up by hand to badger people’s lives out. It would be blame to me, and not praise, if I had. People are put in the Hulks because they murder, and because they rob, and forge, and do all sorts of bad; and they always begin by asking questions. Now you get along to bed!† ‘ To keep Pip well behaved, silent and grateful, Mrs. Gargery threatens, punishes and accuses Pip of ingratitude. Pip himself feels an enormous amount of guilt for his innocent actions, like asking some questions, which have been unfairly warped to seem as if Pip was doing a bad thing. The guilt Pip feels is unprincipled. Although, Pip is not only treated this way by Mrs. Gargery, he is also treated unethically by Mr. Pumblechook, Mr. Wopsle and the Hubbles.

The story of Being with Henry and Leaving Home

The story of Being with Henry and Leaving Home epitomizes strong sensation towards family relationships. Both stories embark a certain pressure in the family which reveals the character’s attitude. Scrutinizing and comparing the two stories based on the aspect of dialogue, it is imperative to take into consideration the decisive aspects of dialogue which Ellinor, Linda enumerate as â€Å"creating a fuller picture of reality, employing deeper levels of listening and reflection, and creates a culture of cooperation and shared leadership which moves groups from dependency, competition and exclusion†.Parallel to this, aspects of diction as it transcends in the stories of Being with Henry and Leaving Home should also be given emphasis. In lieu of which â€Å"the art of delivering the word as it clearly understood to its fullest complexity, the choice of word and style, and the literary diction which reveals how a passage establishes tone and characterization† is essen tial in comparing the diction of these two stories.Dialogue as it create full picture of reality was illustrated in Martha Brooks’ Being with Henry, the presence of a family in Laker and his mom’s relationship was a good evidence. Taking good care of his unmarried single mother hand in hand with having a brutal step-father is such a reality for Laker. There is no way for him to bear the fruits of being a son, all he needs to do is accept the fact that he has to be strong for his mom and work hard to stay in the relationship regardless of those barriers.On the other hand, David French’s Leaving Home typify a family relationship wherein attitude of the members are clashing with each other – like that of Ben’s relationship with their father and conflict with Billy’s relationship with his girlfriend on how will they be able to compromise with their relationship. Dialogue as it employs deeper levels of listening and reflection is the second aspec t which should be highlighted in both stories.A good point to hoist was the circumstance as Laker’s mom rarely plays the role of being a mother to him and when Laker had a physical fight with his step-father which forces him to leave his home since her mother didn’t stand for him. At this point, he listens to what his heart is saying and set aside the conscientiousness of being a son. Conversely, in Leaving Home, the relationship of Billy and Kathy has come to a reflection that they are just holding on with their relationship because of the thinking that Kathy is pregnant, but at the moment that Kathy had a miscarriage, they both come to a second thought of being together.Dialogue as it creates a culture of cooperation and shared leadership which moves groups from dependency was the third aspect to consider under the discussion of dialogue. As Laker in Being with Henry leaves her mother and stand up for himself, he finds Henry with whom he can turn to and at the same t ime contribute also to the feeling of loneliness that Henry is feeling at that moment.Equally, Ben in the story of Leaving Home decided to be with his brother Billy and sister-in-law to be away with their parents as Jacob and Ben has a long standing enmity rooted in their fundamental differences and he can no longer stand the feeling of living with his father. French, David support this response thru this, â€Å"Jacob is incensed and a heated argument between father and son resulting in Ben being thrown out of the house†.On another note, as we grasp the aspects of diction and adopt in both stories, certainly, Brooks’ Being with Henry portrays the feeling of a wholehearted son; you can feel the sentiment as Laker endures the pain of leaving his mother, and this is also exemplify the tone and characterization of the story. On the other hand, French’s Leaving Home connotes intense emotion as it presents a commotion in the family as they have different perspectives, and as you go through the story you’d be really aware of the situation since the chose of words and style is very appropriate.Practically, the process of releasing and providing relief from the pressures of both families in the stories promotes strong emotions which really captivate its readers. Indeed, the representation of dialogue and diction was presented in French’s and Brooks’ story. The way the story elaborates a certain feeling proves what really a dialogue and diction is all about, thus both are essential on having a comprehensible work.

Oilwell Cable Company Case Study Essay

1. If Norm chooses to go ahead with the microprocessor conversion on the machinery without passing it by the team, what are the potential conflicts that might arise? What are the advantages of such a move? – The biggest potential problem here is that the production team might feel slighted as their opinions were not considered in this major decision, and it may affect their current strong feeling of value hat they have with the company. Essentially if feeling of value is affected then productivity will be affected, as Steve Cooper a contributor to Forbes points out studies show that companies that effectively appreciate employee value enjoy a return on equity & assets more than triple that experienced by firms that don’t. (Cooper, 2012) The advantage of such a move would be fulfilling the employees wishes of upper management making the tougher decisions not the team; also it would not only eliminate the three day deliberations that usually precede the team’s decision but it would also meet the employees desire of less time spent in team meetings. 2. If Norm decides to put the decision to the appropriate production team, what are the potential problems? What would be the advantages? – Here the potential problems is the deliberation period normally associated with team decisions, as this means a loss in productivity as these deliberations happen on company time. It could also affect morale, as employees already have a desire for less team meetings adding more to reach a decision will result in loss of confidence in upper management. Additionally, this decision based on the org chart, will then have to be approved by upper management which results in additional lost time as these decisions are already a struggle for them. On the flip side advantages here is that it would keep high value alive, as the employees would see that their opinions are truly valued when decisions affect the entire business; also it would be a great opportunity for upper management to gather thoughts and feedback from their employees who live the day to day process of the job. Finally when employees can connect value to their job productivity and implementation go smoothly because th ey each â€Å"own† it. 3. If the production team chooses to approve and implement this microprocessor conversion project, what form of project organization will this represent? – Functional organization, as the production team is the functional division of the company as our text points out that has the most interest in ensuring this project’s success or can be most helpful in implementing it. (Meredith & Mantel, 2012 pg.177) 4. Given the size of this organization and the number of projects they deal with, would it make sense to institute a Project Management Office? Is there another arrangement that might be a good alternative? – I think a PMO makes sense, as our text makes clear, a project management office (PMO) can provide critically important services for all projects. The skill with which the PMO organizes, administers, and carries out its responsibilities will have a major impact on the ability of projects to meet their objectives. (Meredith & Mantel, 2012 pg.177) This is vital as the company will be able to keep track of project progress and decisions can be made quicker, possibly eliminating the current double deliberation periods. Alternatively as projects arise if project teams of the necessary parties could be quickly formed and headed by an assigned company PM or the best suited yet most qualified individual from upper management for the job; this may also work to the company’s advantage. 5. How much impact might microprocessors have on production costs? Assume that variable overhead represents the same percentage of costs as fixed overhead. Find the net present value if the microprocessors cost $25,000 and their installation runs another $5,000. Assume a 10% margin. – Here the impact of the microprocessors on production will not be high as the variable and fixed overhead costs are the same percentages, meaning that both fixed costs that are unchanged based on production and those costs that vary by output are equal percentages. Additionally net present value impact in a year would be $30,300 based on the total initial start up cost; here to see a true balance it would be best for Norm to also investigate the financial  benefits (cut time, less scrap, and overall profit). 6. Compare Norm’s recollection of the division’s productivity gains between 1995 and 1999 to Exhibit 2. Explain the inconsistency. – Here human recollection versus actually data results makes it clear why data should be collected and reported on versus relying on memory. The consistency could be due to the fact that in 2000 the company was hit hard by the recession and productivity took a serious negative hit, therefore as productivity rose and eventually surpassed its pre-recession numbers Norm simply was reminded of the â€Å"good old days† of high productivity. 7. What would you recommend that Norm do? – I would recommend that a PMO be implemented for the task of; Establish and enforce good project management processes such as procedures for bidding, risk analysis, project selection, progress reports, executing contracts, and selecting software. Also, collect and disseminate information, techniques, and lessons learned as reported in project evaluations that can improve project management practices. (Meredith & Mantel, 2012 pg.194-195) If that’s not currently feasible, I would suggest that Norm first runs the decision by upper management as there are many benefits with the planned implementation of microprocessors; once agreed upon this decision should be conveyed to the employees, then the production team should be allowed to voice their opinions and suggestions on the decision. This approach will avoid any animosity the team may feel towards upper management, while avoiding the unnecessary deliberation process that results in lost time. Resources: Cooper, S. (July 30, 2012). Make More Money By Making Your Employees Happy. Forbes. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/sites/stevecooper/2012/07/30/make-more-money-by-making-your-employees-happy/ Meredith, J.R., & Mantel, S.J, Jr. (2012). Project management: A Managerial Approach (8th ed). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc

Broadening Your Perspective Essay

In this paper the Broadening Your Perspective Exercise 18.1 is completed. The exercise is about Martinez Company that has decided to introduce a new product to its product line (John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2011). Two methods are evaluated to determine what is the best method to use either capital-intensive or labor-intensive method. Exercise 18-1 A In this part of the exercise the break-even point in annual unit sales of the new product is calculated for the capital intensive manufacturing method and labor-intensive manufacturing method (John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2011). To calculate the break-even point the total fixed cost has to be computed first. For the capital-intensive method the total fixed cost is fixed Manufacturing cost-2508000 plus incremental selling expenses of 502000 equaling 3010000. The next step is to find the contribution margin per unit. For the capital-intensive method the contribution margin per unit is calculated by the selling price of 30.00 minus the variable cost of direct materials-5, direct labor-6, variable overhead-3, annual expense-2, thus equaling $14.00. Then the break-even point in unit sales for the capital-intensive method is calculated by the total fixed cost-3010000 divided by the contribution margin per unit of 14, thus equally the break-even point in unit sales for the capital-intensive meth od is 215000 units. Next we calculate the labor-intensive method. To calculate the break-even point the total fixed cost has to be computed first. For the labor-intensive method the total fixed cost is fixed manufacturing cost-1538000 plus incremental selling expenses of 502000 equaling 2040000. The next step is to find the contribution margin per unit. For the labor-intensive method the contribution margin per unit is calculated by the  selling price of 30.00 minus the variable cost of direct materials-5.50, direct labor-8.00, variable overhead-4.50, annual expense-2, thus equaling $10.00. Then the break-even point in unit sales for the labor-intensive method is the total fixed cost-2040000 divided by the contribution margin per unit of 10, thus equally the break-even point in unit sales for the labor-intensive method is 204000 units. Exercise 18-1 B In the next part of the exercise it states to determine the annual unit sales volume at which Martinez Company would be indifferent between the two manufacturing methods (John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2011). To determine the indifference point of the annual unit sales of the capital-intensive and labor-intensive method the total fixed cost and contribution is used. This is calculated by capital-intensive total fixed cost of 3010000 minus labor-intensive total fixed cost of 2040000 divided by the difference of the contribution margins of capital-intensive-14 and labor intensive-10. Thus totaling 242500 units as the indifference point of the two manufacturing methods. Exercise 18-1 C The last question to complete the exercise states, Explain the circumstance under which Martinez should employ each of the two manufacturing methods (John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2011). Depending on the goal or forecast of how much sales are to be reached determines the manufacturing method that should be used. If the business expects to reach sales beyond the indifference point of 242500 units then the capital-intensive method would be the best manufacturing method to be used. If sales are forecasted to be below 242500 then the labor intensive method should be used. Thus the ationale to choose the manufacturing method depending on sales of units assures that the higher profit margin is obtained. References John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (2011). Accounting, 4E, Exercise 18-1. Retrieved from: www.ecampus.phoenix.edu/wileyassignment

The Angry Black Woman

I am deeply interested in why Black women are received and portrayed as both â€Å"angry† and â€Å"strong† Black Women. It may seem inexplicable that a respected black woman educator would stamp her foot, jab her finger in someone’s face and scream while trying to make a point on national television, thereby reconfirming the notation that black women are irrationally angry. When confronted about race and gender, as a black woman I stand in a crooked room. I have to figure out which way is up. Bombarded with warping images of humanity, I sometimes tilt and bend to fit the distortion.From the single mother who complains about child support to the first lady of the United States, it seems like Black women of all ages and classes have been accused of either being â€Å"angry† or too â€Å"strong† at some point in life. For centuries, the angry black female has been a pervasive stereotype in the United States. You may have heard the term â€Å"Angry Bl ack Woman Syndrome (ABSW)†. Angry Black Woman Syndrome is not only the dynamics between black woman and black men. It is definitively not an official clinical diagnosis or anything.The attitudes behavior of some black women, by some can best be described as a word that starts with â€Å"b† and rhymes with the word â€Å"itch†. Angry Black Woman is just as inescapable today as it was during the slave era. Melissa Harris-Perry, suggests that anger is still one of the most ubiquitous stereotypes faced by black women in modern society. In a recent Super Bowl commercial, Pepsi was criticized for perpetuating this negative perception by depicting a black woman kicking, shoving and punishing her husband for cheating on his diet.America’s first lady had to address the stereotype: In a recent television interview on CBS, Michelle Obama denied the â€Å"angry black woman† depiction of herself that emerged in some coverage following the release of The Obamaâ⠂¬â„¢s, a book by Jodi Kantor. Mrs. Obama defended herself by saying instead that she is â€Å"merely a ‘strong’ woman†. By calling herself â€Å"strong† is she somehow trying to overcompensate for feelings of shame? Although many may think that the Angry Black Woman is a white supremacist myth, they are wrong.In fact, it is a regularly revived and recreated perception in the Black community. The anger black women have is something that ignites strong feelings among black women. The idea of the angry woman is particularly recreated by African-American men who have an interest in displaying Black woman as emasculating or overbearing or angry as a means of basically controlling. Preconceived ideas of black women as dominant and assertive may hurt when it comes to romantic relationships.Yes, there are black women that need to seriously check themselves – particularly black women who think it is cute to be bitter, argumentative, man-hating, and generall y feels angry. She is that woman that frowns or rolls her eyes when smiled at, brands all men as being â€Å"dogs† or â€Å"no good† and she is that woman that thinks it is necessary to curse out another female if she bumps into her in the store even after she has received a sincere apology. It is unfortunate that black women have attitudes and behaviors like this.It is this type of female that sometimes gets acknowledged as the representative for all black women. At the end of the day, the vast majority of black females do not suffer from Angry Black Women Syndrome. If you ask for what you want need or what you want, you are just an angry Black woman. If you do not ask for what you need and try to do everything on your own, however, you could then be labeled as a â€Å"strong† Black woman – a term that may sound like a compliment, but in reality contributes to a derogatory ideal that holds Black women back from progression.When black women respond to rac ism they are responding with anger; the anger of exclusion, of unquestioned privilege of racial distortions, of silence ill-use, stereotyping, defensiveness, misnaming, and of betrayal. Black women may have a well-stocked arsenal of anger potentially useful against those oppressions, personal and institutional, which brought that anger into being. Focused with precision it can become a powerful source of energy serving progress and change. —Audre Lorde, â€Å"The Uses of Anger: Women Responding to Racism† (1981).The emotion which accompanies the first steps toward liberation is, for most women, anger. Through the exercise strength may be gained. As a black woman I envisioned a new America in the 1990’s, anger may have been a vital political tool. I was provided new perspectives, new understandings of oppressive conditions that had previously remained unquestioned. I was introduced to my anger through relationships, through individual and collective political con sciousness; because the angry black women had been theorized.Attention seemed to have been drawn to the anger of black women; it exposed knowledge that had been buried and speech that had been silenced. Anger was a link to previous suppressed histories, and a revolutionary coalition. I couldn't believe—still can't—how angry I can become, from deep down and way back, it sometimes feels like a five-thousand-years of buried anger. Every black woman in America lives her life somewhere along a wide curve of ancient and unexpressed angers, Audre Lorde observed. Only when women are able to feel anger, and then recognize, accept, and direct it towards the real enemy can an association occur.If black women can identify their sources of anger and analyze why they use it is a form of expression. Their anger may then be used as a paradigm for understanding the ways in which black women, at different historical moments, have responded to myriad forms of oppression. Even though, the re is this long-lasting and unfair stereotype it is typically seen as a negative one, standing for abrasive brash and even ill-tempered, it is also consistent with qualities that is often associated with leadership, such as being decisive, aggressive and resolute.In a recent study conducted by Robert Livingston and Ella Washington of Northwestern University’s Kellogg School of Management, it was found that black women leaders who displayed dominant behavior when interacting with subordinates got more favorable reviews than their white female or black male counterparts who behaved the same way. In fact black women were evaluated comparable to white male leaders who display similarly dominant assertive behavior. Black people are proud; African Americans feel a sense of kinship with other Blacks with whom they can take pride in the accomplishments.The other side of racial pride is the underlying feeling of shame. Because we feel pride, about accomplishments of Blacks not related , we can also feel ashamed for failure, transgressions and misbehaviors. The ‘strong’ Black woman’ is a negative image of Black women. Black women are super-strong, hyper-competent; we do not have that many individual needs, we really can take care of others, and we can handle business. Despite the â€Å"angry† figure that some may try to replace with a â€Å"strong† image, Black women are not superhuman. We are not universally strong; we do sometimes feel weak and need help.Whether being labeled angry or strong, the biggest danger as a Black woman is when I began to think the labels were accurate, and began calling myself a â€Å"strong† Black woman. My goal is to recognize that labels are false. They are not indicative to who I am. I may be angry but I am not inherently angry. I am angry about something. So my anger has a meaning. It is not a personality trait. I may be strong enough to make it through difficult circumstances, but that is n ot because I have an inherent inborn capacity for strength – it is because I have very few other options except to be strong or be destroyed.

To be determe Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

To be determe - Movie Review Example film of analysis for this movie is the film Star Wars with Luke Skywalker as the main protagonist and Darth Vader as the villain which Higgins mentioned in page 25 of his book with its mythic revelation of Vader’s true identity (he was Anakin Skywalker). The Star Wars series can be said as a morality play with the classic theme of a battle between good and evil with Darth Vader keep on urging Luke Skywalker (he is his son after all) to give in to his dark side and join him. In a confrontation between Luke Skywalker and Darth Vader, the latter was even encouraging Luke to become angry with him to fuel his dark side of anger. In between, Darth Vader was even trying to illustrate to Luke Skywalker on how the dark side can make him stronger with an incentive of an empire to rule. What makes the film interesting in addition to the futuristic and sci-fi theme of the film is the the exploration of the dark side accentuated by interesting characters such as Darth Vader. As what Higgins mentioned in page 29 of the book, this may be because â€Å"we [are] simply bored with the blandness of everyday life†. That the impulse ot explore â€Å"what’s crawling underneath the rock of our beings† is a universal human nature. This is illustrated in the film with the young Darth Vader, who used to be Anakin Skywalker and was with the side of the good. Talented, strong and powerful, he was also trained with the way of the Jedi by the wishes of the departed Jedi master Qui-Gon. The Jedi Order had reservation about Anakin as being susceptible to the dark side but still respected the wishes of Qui-Gon. Later, Anakin realized or realized that giving in to the dark side would make him more powerful. The pathway to the dark side or being a villain can be said to have been explained in the film Star Wars. Perhaps an illustration of Higgins description that it is our nature to explore â€Å"what’s crawling beneath the rock of our beings†. It first started with overconfidence

Henry the Eight Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Henry the Eight - Essay Example Henry VIII was married to his first wife for over 20 years, and for a long time they were happy together. Catherine (the widow of Henry's brother Arthur) was the daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain and had received an excellent education at their court. She had long red-gold hair and blue eyes, and in her youth was considered pretty. Catherine was five years older and much more sedate. She was interested in politics and Henry often turned to her for advice. In 1513 she ruled as regent while Henry was campaigning in France. Although Catherine was pregnant many times, only one of her children, Princess Mary, survived. Henry was a doting father and didn't seem to blame Catherine for her failure to bear healthy sons. Henry is only known to have had two mistresses during his marriage to Catherine, which made him a reasonably faithful husband by the standards of the time. Catherine knew of his affairs but kept silent. Then Henry met the woman who was to be his second wife. . . Anne Boleyn: Anne Boleyn was probably born in 1500 or 1501. Her father was an English diplomat and her mother was the daughter of an earl. In 1522 Anne came to England and went to live at King Henry's court as a member of Queen Catherine's household. There she became secretly betrothed to a young courtier, Henry Percy - secretly because Percy was already promised to another woman, and his family would not approve of his marrying Anne Boleyn. But the lord chancellor, Cardinal Wolsey, heard of the engagement and alerted the king, who told Wolsey to end the relationship.

Working in Organisations - What do people want from work Assignment

Working in Organisations - What do people want from work - Assignment Example People do have certain expectations from the place they work. Some people work to fulfill their basic necessities, some others work to explore their potentials, and few others to achieve their goals and objectives. The primary factor that comes to mind when talking about work is money. This is said to be on the list of priority and the foremost reason, why people want to work. People wish to work for a better pay, and for a better life style for which money is the key factor that motivates them to work and to increase their expectations to work for an organization. Another factor that people want from their work is satisfaction. People work as a team in an organization both to help others and to help themselves for which they get paid and thus they derive satisfaction with this kind of an activity. People tend to have a look out for social interactions in the organizational environment. For example, if one has to go to work, complete the day’s task, and has to come back and ha s no interactions at any point, is said to become redundant, and thus the person’s work impacts his performance and achievements, personally and professionally. If the person goes about in this manner, he might turn out to be anti-social at times. Thus with the work culture in the organization, people want to be socially active where most of the social needs are taken care of. Most people have set of varied reasons as to what they want from work and how they attain the same. They work for money, fun, social interactions and relations etc. According to Abraham Maslow who proposed in his paper, (A Theory of Human Motivation, 1943), talks about different cycles where human beings have varied expectations at different phases of life. His model is said to have five phases, starting with the bottom phase that talks about the most basic needs, and after this safety is the next phase, after the safety factor the expectation of humans was for love and belongingness factors, the next p hase is the self esteem where the humans have the zeal to attain respect and have achievements in life, and the top most phase as defined by Maslow was self actualization, which means that a person being more innovative, open to challenges, and moral. To correlate Maslow’s theory of different phases of what people want out of work is, they tend to move on and grow at each phase, and a specific set of necessities are fulfilled at each level they grow. This helps them further to attain more to achieve more. At the initial stages a person works to fulfill his basic wants of life. As this is fulfilled he works to earn for a better living, and as and when these basic necessities are being met, he is then motivated to work for aspects like meeting his targets, challenges, recognition at work etc. On the other hand, people work not just with the mentioned objectives. They have their own specific reasons and objectives to work and their expectations would differ vastly. This is becau se of a variety of opinions and views coming up from different people and, at times it gets tougher for the employer to analyse and address the aspirations of the people in a particular organization in diverse forms. What do people want from, work: To analyse the thin line of what do the people want from work in the organization is drawn with the set of various factors that create the environment for people to work and also to have certain expectations accordingly. Respect that one receives at work is derived from the work culture that is followed in the organization. The fact that one works in an organization for a longer period of time is a clear sign that the person has gained respect on all grounds, no matter what job is being